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-B: Batch mode; convert all tracks to individual files -S: Set CD read speed (2, 4, 8, 12, and so on; values relate to CD-drive spin speed; used to avoid read errors) -dev=: Specify the drive s device number (can be discovered by running wodim with the scanbus option) scanbus: Scan to see which CD-R/RW drives are present and return device numbers -speed=: Specify the write speed (2, 4, 6, 8, and so on) -v: Verbose output; obligatory for feedback on wodim s progress

Listing 6-1. Teams with Additional Information About Their Managers SELECT * FROM Member m INNER JOIN Team t on t.Manager = m.MemberID

# wodim *

Now that you ve finished the preliminary steps, you need to initialize the quota system. This is necessary because all file systems have to be searched for files that have already been created, and for a reason that s probably obvious: existing files count towards each user s quota, and so a report must be created in which the quota system can see which user owns which files. The report generated by this quota initialization is saved in two files: aquota.user is created to register user quotas, and aquota.group is created for group quotas. To initialize a file system for the use of quotas, you need to use the quotacheck command. This command can be used with some options, and I ll list only the most important ones here: -a: This option ensures that all file systems are searched when initializing the quota system. -u: This option ensures that user information is searched. This information will be written to the aquota.user file. -g: This option ensures that group information is searched as well. This information is written to the aquota.group file.

Burn audio or CD-R/RW data discs (the latter usually based on an ISO image; see mkisofs)

# cfdisk *

Figure 6-3. Joining Member and Team to get additional information about team managers (Listing 6-1)

-m: Use this option to make sure that no problems will occur on file systems that are currently mounted. -v: This option ensures that the command will work in verbose mode to show exactly what it is doing. So, the best way to initialize the quota system is to use the quotacheck -augmv command, which (after a while) creates the files aquota.user and aquota.group to list all quota information for current users.

Dangerous! Menu-based disk-partitioning program Change group ownership of a file/directory Change permissions of a file/directory (where a = all, u = user, g = group, and r = read, w = write, x = executable) Change file ownership to specified username Change the root of the file system to the specified path Switch to the specified virtual terminal (equivalent of holding down Ctrl+Alt and pressing F1 F6) -R: Recursive; apply changes to subdirectories -R: Recursive; apply to subdirectories reference=: Copy permissions from specified file -R: Recursive; apply to subdirectories

-r: Recursive; copy subdirectories and the files therein -s: Create symbolic link instead of copying -e: Edit the crontab file (create/amend) -l: List crontab entries -r: Delete the crontab file -u: Specify a user and edit their crontab file

Now that the quota databases have been created, it s time for the real work because you re ready to apply quota to all users and groups on your system. You ll do this with the edquota command, which uses the nano editor to create a temporary file. This temporary file is where you ll enter the soft and hard limits you ve decided upon for your users and groups. If, for example, you want to apply a soft limit of 100,000 blocks and a hard limit of 110,000 blocks for user florence, follow these steps:

cp myfile1 directory/

Figure 6-3 shows the information about teams, such as that TeamA practices on Tuesday and the manager has ID 239. By joining the Member table, we get the added information that the manager s name is Thomas Spence.

Edit or display the user s crontab file (scheduled tasks)

The edquota command works only with blocks and not bytes, kilobytes, or anything else. So, to set Tip

Display the date and time Display free disk space within file system -h: Human readable; display sizes in KB, MB, GB, and TB, as appropriate -l: Restrict to local file systems, as opposed to network mounts -a: Consider all files text files (don t halt when asked to compare binary files) -i: Ignore lowercase and uppercase differences